Respirator.



W. F. MERRYMAN.

RESPIEATOR.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. ze. 190s.

Patented June 29,-1909 ma Mf il() Wliili it appel-tiring; to mfilie :ind in.

diivice l have iiiiido urrtziiii This being the crise, it is nvidrfiit liiil, ihr

i0 tor that must furthii' he so constructed liii't dioxid iso slss/ane.

MAN, zi ciiizeii of si L f. ai the ,city and com`l y 5 Colorado, linx-:9 inv-Pri useful liiiproveinairL l do dec-lar@ the folio: full, rioni', and exact description o 5h@ ii'iiwniion, snoh :is Will -eiiiibie others slzillnd in thv irri', to mmv, .reference being had to tnx iiuoiniifinyini; drawings, and to the letters :ind iigiirrfs of reference marked hm-aon, which lnrn'i a, part fof this specification.

M invention iii/hitos to iiiiprovoiiivii:i respirators, designed to pii'rrect i'ilia. viriir from injury from smolro :iiid fill giisff?, tlr .v are irrespirahle 0r dfiiigvrons to hiixn` n l In my eXpriiii/snts rind nso my 1 3 i.iiori,ii,iii dis coverias relating to the iioiiniif iir iit nor-- mail itriiosplieric prcssiirr, thi? ii, ion (il nsy Spired :iiiiiiid oxygen, :nid the, :intron or nir, oiiygen and carbon dioxid iii'. both gradini' 30 hended, attention is milled Lo -ho weil known fact that nach respiration ol' :ii'iy given individual dillnrs in mi@ quantity ol ziii respired find in thv rapidity 'iih which liix air is 'Laken inno ind expelled i'riin'i iluA ln at each breath 'by' wliiiiri air surrounding the individiifi is niiiir assist res' ira-tion. in prodnuiiiy; ii r sliail be parler-, iii its action, i ore becomes necessary o so `cnnsriist ri 'device that this elasticity of vtlis air wili lio retairied, and through unioni-Lic fiction utilized' at each respiration. Th@ devise iiil contaminating Smoke and grises will he 'pi ventrl from entering the lungs iiiid ait fahr: same time shrill allow necessary yportions of the expiinded'nxnired iiir sontziining miriirin I accompli-*li 'liliesxi raf- 1sulins and afford o'iriplete protection 'to rbh@ wearer by .means or' the device h-r ianifier described and ciiiiiiiad.

this apparatus @my Ii. i i

i i i i A .Turin 2Q, 190i).

sito in known, to the Lizri n :i5: oxi'iiic., thu Siiid iriiiix iifil heilig of suoli'cliziriicii-r ibhzit whvii :wird in hy the h efr-ih ol Lhi, wliii'oi olE th(` dvviuv, ygeii .gf-iii-iiiicd al', wirli oxhiilzitioii, thi` d oilygiii living iiilizilrd in, the followingr iniiiihdioi'i` During 'the nso oi' ihn insti-ii- :iiiini' ihn oxygen ginoizitrd is utilixvd to snpiiiiir. i'nvprxtioii, whilix ivhr onori lowri vxlifmniizii ol the iiilios iro clohid oi' snzilvd so go pnfili, lig," in. inosphii'ic sinpy or plugs coniiomd ol iiliiiioxiihniin xiii' sind Oxln'ilmigiis lioi'ili @if which iiri heavier than thv oxygoii liicfiiifd in tho upper iioiioi'i ol' thv appannlnus, thus nin-hing it, priictioiihlu to hriziihn e i iieratnd oxygvii vrilvlionl'I inhaling iin- Cs which muy hn ooiitiiiiiod in thv :ilinsiiiinrn Snrroiindiiijr thi` won-rvr, :ill ol will 'no lininiiiiilinvr'dcsoi'ihvd iiiorvv iii Jr il, fireiico lining madri lio ihn iiccoiniii'inviiig; di'iiwiiigr in 'which illuSti'aitvd :iii iijiilindimcizifu nf ilii-, invent ion. l y

ii fhi" drawing, .Vigiiiix Vl is :i sidnl olnvzi- Linn o? Jeri inii'irovod device which iS shown 2 is zi sectional Yioiv ol' the dniri dr'iiiiil. Fig. 3 is ii ii'iigiiieiitsiiy l viciif Wirilrth@ pini@ shown ou zi fc. Fig. #i :i cross section Linken (is iv-4i Figi. 3.

he mini;x rrllorriirv,liziriictors iiidiciite the piii'ts iii iiil thgvimi's. I et A designate .fikiiiiisli which covers the hie of alie nfbnrci. This nizisk is provided "willi Sniiiililc ging 'B not int/o pcrl'oratioiis 'i'irnied in tho niais i, to noi-init the, wearer to dh erre Surrounding ohjouts, whoii using;l the. de bcn. @n insite Jhe Vniouiili :ind nostrils the mask is open :is shown :it C to coinniniii- @are wi 13h Lubes l) i i. Oiipositothc iiioiitli is imciifrior nim/ning; lll which iiiiiiinnnimitcs by ii short tribe wirlrfdio upper coiiipzirtinmit 'F :if :i chiiiiihcr ha which is provided with :i l

ini-fer cniiiiiirtiiifiii G, the LwoWioiiipiLrL- ments being separated by a perforated mesh diaphragm ll which is attached to the bot toni ol' a cu or receptacle 7 provided with a depending flange 8 to which is secured in any suitable manner, the upper extremity of the wall 9 inclosing the lower compartment G, of the chamber 6. The lower extremity ol' the wall 10 ol' the upper compartment F is provided with an interiorly located circular band or ring 12 into which the cup 7 is insei-ted when .the two separable compartments of the chamber are assembled. It will be understood that these two compartments must be separable since the cup 7 must be supplied at suitable intervals with the necessary material l'orv generating oxygen under the influence ol' the exhalations of the wearer. The material which I have found entirely satisfactory for use in this connection is known to the trade as oxone, is designated in the drawing by the numeral 13, and is illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3.

The cup or receptacle 7 is provided with an exteriorly protruding flange 14 which l'orms a shoulder against which the .upper edge ol` the wall 9 abuts. The upper portion oll this wall may be cemented or otherwise suitably connected with the' depending part S ol thesaid receptacle.

The tubes D of the device are connected with the wall 9 or' the lower compartment G as shown at 15, and the lower compartment commi'lnicates with the tubes by openings 16 but it is preferred that a separate orilice 1li be l'ormed communicating with each ol' the tubes D. it must be understood, however, that so l'ar as the independent respirato is concerned, a si ployed. It is, however, preferred. to mahe the respirator with two tubes, their lower extremities being e uipped to be connected with the air accumu ator set forth in my )revious application Serial No. 402,937 iled November 19th 1907, since the two devices are well calculated for use together.

Having thus described the mechanical leatures of my device ,l will proceed to explain its action in detail. Alter placing a quantity ol' oxone 13, upon the diaphragm H, the two compartments or the main chambers, designated F and G respectively, are connected by inserting the cup portion 7 ol the one member into the sleeve or ring vl2 ol' the other -niembcrclosely so that when connected they will retain their position whereby accidental separation is avoided.

l'ter the mask is applied to the face the wearer proceeds to breathe in a natural inanner. At the ilirst exhalation the moisture olI the breath acting on the oxone causes it to decompose and begin to throw oil' oxygen, and the resulting caustic soda produced the chemical action, absorbs the carbon dioxid thrown olll from the lungs. The -aningle tube l) might be ein-l and auxiliary4 These parts should iit mal heat of the body causes the expired ai' t0 expand to a considerable degree so that it' it would occupy more space tha-n did the air which was inhaled, which expansion is ll'urthcr augmented and its volume increased by the chemical heat created, in generating the oxygen l'rom the oxone., the result ol' this increase in 'volume being that the pressure Vin all parts ol' the devicebecomes greater than that ol the air` surrounding vthe individual; the surplus'age escaping through the lower ends of the tubes D. This surplusago consists ol a mixture of expired, air and carbon dioxid and perhapsa small quantity of oxygen. rlhe lower ends of the tubesl) Vfrom the point ol` their communication with the auxiliary chamber or compartment G at 16, to their extreme ends at J J, are now filled with a mixture of ex- )ired air and carbon dioxid, forced into them by the pressure of exhalation; thus creating a more dense, cooler and heavier atmosphere than is contained in the upperportions of the tubes D, the oxygen compartment F and the auxiliary compartment G, all oll which have now become iilled with regenerated air produced by the action ol' the oxone, in sufficient quantities to again iill the lungs. This reffenerated air is not only nearer, but is also lighter than the mixed atmosphere in the lower ends ol' the tubes D. Consequently it is more easily lilted, the inhalation being as sisted by the collapsingol' the oxygen coinpartment F and the auxiliary chamber G through atmospheric pressure, which action creates a current throughout the compartl ments l*1 and G, and the upper portions ol the tubes l) without disturbing or .moving the dense, cooler and heavier atmosphere contained in the lower portions ol the tubes This dense, cool and heavy atmosphere contained in the lower portions ol' the said tubes, therefore, during inhalation, acts asl automatic atmospheric stops or plugs, preventing the ingress of smoke, air or gases, allowing none of them to reach the lungs of the wearer as he has iilled his lungs with regenerated air before the mixed and heavier atmosphere contained in the lower portions' ol' the tubes l) has started to move toward him l: though during exhalation these atmospheric stops do not prevent the l'ree of expired an".- thus maintaining an automatic adjustment el the atmosphere at each breath ofthe wearer without destroying or disturbing the elasticity oil the air surroundingl him.

It may be well to state that the chamber 6 is composed olA flexible material, preferably rubber, whereby the walls thereof are adapted to collapse as the wearer inhales the regenerated air l'rom the said chamber. By virtue ol' this l'eature, the exterior pressure olI the atmosphere aids the wearer ol' the device in the perlormanee ol tno act ol' inhalation.

Having thus described my invention what i dlaim is:

l, The combination with a 'face mask, ol' an oxygen chamber in communication with the mask, and a tube having one extremity in communication with the mask, and the other extremity open directly to the atmosphere, the said tube intermediate its extremities being in communication with the oxygen chamber.

2. The eombination oi mask, a chamber in communication therewith, the said chamber being divided by a perforated or mesh diaphragm into upper and lower compartments, and a tube having one extremity communicating with the mask while the other extremity is open directly to the atmosphere, the said tube being in communication intermediate its extremities with the lower compartment of the chamber'.

3. 1L respirator. comprising e mask, an oxygen chamber having one extremity in communication with the mask, the chamber being provided with an open work diaphragm, separating it into two compartments, an open-ended tube communicating at one extremity with' the mask while the other extremity is open directly to the atmosphere, the tube intermediate its extremities being in communication with the lower compartment ol' the chamber, the upper comartment of the chamber being provided with a quantity ol' material for generating oxygen under the influence of the exhaled breath of the wearer, substantially as described.

4. The combination. with a i'aee mask, oi' a collapsible chamber in comniunieation with the mask at one extremity, the said chamber being composed of two separable members one of which contains a cup having an open work bottom adapted to support a quantity of material adapted to generate oxygen unl l. l l

l l l l l der the influence oi the breath, the other member having a ring or sleeve adapted to receive the cup when the two members are assembled, and an open ended tube communicating with the mask at one extremity and open directly to the atmosphere at its opposite extremity, the said tube being in com munication intermediate its extremities with the lower member of the"`chamber l'or the purpose set forth,

y 5. The combination in a respiratiir, of a face mask, an oxygen generating chamber in connnunieation with the mask and open ended tubes communicating with the mask at one extremity, their opposite extremities being open directly to the atmosphere, the tubes intermediate their extremities heilig in communication with the oxygen generating chamber, substantially as described.

G. The combination ol'v a face mask, a eollapsible chamber in communication with the mask-and a tube having one extremity in communication with theI mask and thev other extremity open directly to the atniopshere, the said' tubo intermediate its extremities being ineommunication with the collapsible chamber.

7. rl`he combination ol' a face mask, a eollapsible chamber in communication with the mask, and an open ended tube in communication with the mask at one extremity, the said tube intermediate its extremities being in communioation with the collapsible chamber, the extremity oi' the tube remote l'rom the mask being open directly to the atmosphere.

In testimony whereol' I allix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM F. MERRYMAN.

Vvlitnesses;

Louise CosNnn, A. Eisner OBRmN. 

